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Microsoft Word 97-2003 Document - legacy binary file extension used by older Word versions. Supports rich text formatting, images, tables, and complex layouts. Maximum compatibility with legacy systems and older Microsoft Office versions (Office 97-2007). File sizes typically larger than modern DOCX. Common in corporate archives, legacy document management systems, and environments requiring backwards compatibility. Still widely supported but superseded by DOCX for new documents.

Microsoft Word 2007+ Document - modern XML-based extension providing better compression (40-75% smaller than DOC), improved recovery from corruption, and enhanced features. Open XML standard with better data extraction capabilities. Supports all Word features including styles, themes, SmartArt, advanced formatting, and embedded objects. Industry standard for word processing. Native format for Microsoft Word 2007+, compatible with Google Docs, LibreOffice, and all modern office suites. Essential for professional documents, collaborative editing, and modern workflows.

OpenDocument Text - open standard file extension for word processors developed by OASIS consortium. Native format for LibreOffice Writer and Apache OpenOffice Writer. XML-based structure ensuring long-term accessibility and vendor independence. Supports advanced formatting, styles, images, tables, and all standard word processing features. Excellent for open-source environments, government documents (mandated in many countries), and avoiding vendor lock-in. Free from licensing restrictions and patent concerns.

Rich Text Format - universal document extension developed by Microsoft (1987) for cross-platform text exchange. Readable by virtually all word processors (Word, WordPad, LibreOffice, Google Docs, Pages). Supports basic formatting (fonts, colors, styles, tables) without complex features. Larger file sizes than modern formats but maximum compatibility. Perfect for sharing formatted documents across different systems, email attachments ensuring readability, and legacy system compatibility. Reliable intermediate format for document conversion.

Word Macro-Enabled Document - Microsoft Word file type that supports embedded VBA macros and automation scripts. Similar to DOCX but with programmable functionality allowing automated tasks, custom buttons, and complex workflows. Used in business environments for automated form filling, data processing, report generation, and custom document workflows. Slightly larger files due to macro code. Essential for organizations using document automation, custom business processes, and workflow optimization. Security note: Can contain executable code, so only open DOCM files from trusted sources.

Word Document Template - legacy template extension for Microsoft Word 97-2003 used as blueprints for creating new documents. Contains predefined styles, formatting, placeholder text, headers, footers, and page layouts that serve as starting points for standardized documents. When you open a DOT file, Word creates a new document based on the template, preserving the original template. Common in corporate environments for letterheads, invoices, reports, contracts, and standardized forms. Ensures brand consistency and saves time on document creation. Still compatible with modern Word versions but DOTX is preferred for new templates.

Word Template (XML format) - modern template file type for Microsoft Word 2007+ using Open XML standard. Creates new documents with predefined styles, themes, layouts, and content structure while keeping the template unchanged. Smaller file sizes than DOT through better compression. Supports all modern Word features including themes, building blocks, content controls, and advanced formatting options. Industry standard for professional document templates. Perfect for business stationery, form letters, report templates, branded documents, and standardized corporate communications. Ensures consistency across organization-wide documentation.

Word Macro-Enabled Template - Microsoft Word template format that combines template functionality with VBA macro support for automated workflows. Creates new documents with both predefined formatting AND programmable automation. Perfect for sophisticated business templates that need automatic data population, custom form validation, automated calculations, or integration with external data sources. Common in enterprise environments for complex forms, automated report generation, invoice systems, and workflow-driven documents. More powerful than DOTX but requires macro security considerations.

AbiWord Document - native file format for AbiWord, a free and open-source word processor that's lightweight and fast. XML-based format supporting basic word processing features including fonts, styles, images, tables, and lists. Designed for simplicity and speed rather than advanced features. Particularly popular in Linux environments, older computers with limited resources, and educational settings. Files are generally compatible with other word processors through conversion. Good choice when you need a simple, resource-efficient word processor without the complexity of Microsoft Office or LibreOffice. Ideal for basic letter writing, simple reports, and everyday document tasks.

Applix Word Document - proprietary format from Applixware (later VistaSource Applixware), an office suite popular on Unix and Linux systems in the 1990s and early 2000s. Primarily a historical format now largely obsolete but occasionally encountered in legacy business archives and old Unix-based systems. Supported basic word processing features including formatting, tables, and graphics. While Applixware itself is discontinued, some document converters maintain limited support for accessing old AW files. Mainly relevant for data migration projects, archival purposes, or accessing legacy business documents from organizations that used Applixware.

DocBook XML 文档 - 专为技术文档、软件手册、书籍和文章设计的语义标记格式。与典型的文字处理器不同，DocBook 更关注文档结构和意义，而非视觉外观。内容按目的（章节、部分、程序、代码示例）标记，允许单一来源发布到多种格式（PDF、HTML、EPUB、手册页）。是技术写作、软件文档和图书出版的行业标准。被主要科技公司、开源项目和技术出版商使用。非常适合维护大型文档集、多格式发布和长期文档维护。学习曲线陡峭，但对技术内容非常强大。

KWord Document - native format for KWord, the word processor component of KOffice (now Calligra Suite), primarily used in KDE desktop environments on Linux. Frame-based layout system allowing flexible document design with text, images, and objects positioned independently. Supports standard word processing features plus advanced layout capabilities. Less common than mainstream formats but still encountered in KDE/Linux environments and legacy KOffice workflows. Files can be converted to more universal formats when broader compatibility is needed. Mainly relevant for Linux users working within the KDE ecosystem or accessing old KOffice documents.

StarOffice Writer Document - native format for StarOffice Writer (precursor to OpenOffice and LibreOffice), used primarily in the late 1990s and early 2000s. XML-based format supporting comprehensive word processing features including styles, tables, images, and complex formatting. Historical significance as it influenced the development of the OpenDocument Format (ODT). While StarOffice is discontinued, the format is still supported by OpenOffice and LibreOffice for legacy document access. Commonly encountered when migrating old StarOffice installations or accessing archived documents from organizations that used StarOffice before transitioning to OpenOffice/LibreOffice. Convert to ODT or DOCX for modern compatibility.

纯文本 - 最简单的文档格式，仅包含未格式化的 ASCII 或 Unicode 字符。没有字体、颜色、图像或布局信息。跨所有平台、文本编辑器和系统的通用兼容性。最小的文件大小。非常适合笔记、代码、脚本、日志以及任何需要绝对简单性和可移植性的情况。编程、配置文件、数据交换和格式不必要的场景的基本格式。可在任何设备上工作，从大型机到智能手机。

Microsoft Excel 97-2003 Workbook - legacy binary spreadsheet format supporting up to 65,536 rows and 256 columns per sheet. Contains formulas, formatting, charts, and multiple worksheets. Compatible with older Excel versions (Excel 97-2007). File size limited to ~30MB. Common in legacy business systems, old financial databases, and environments requiring Excel 97-2003 compatibility. Being replaced by XLSX but still encountered in corporate archives and legacy data systems.

Microsoft Excel 2007+ Workbook - modern XML-based spreadsheet format with 1,048,576 rows and 16,384 columns per sheet. Provides better compression (75% smaller than XLS), improved recovery from corruption, and enhanced features. Supports all Excel capabilities including formulas, pivot tables, charts, conditional formatting, and macros (in XLSM variant). Industry standard for spreadsheets. Compatible with Google Sheets, LibreOffice Calc, and all modern office suites. Essential for data analysis, financial modeling, and business intelligence.

OpenDocument Spreadsheet - open standard format for spreadsheet applications developed by OASIS. Native format for LibreOffice Calc and Apache OpenOffice Calc. XML-based structure ensuring data accessibility and vendor independence. Supports formulas, charts, multiple sheets, and standard spreadsheet features. Excellent for open-source workflows, government use (mandated by many countries), and avoiding Microsoft Office licensing. Free from proprietary restrictions with long-term document accessibility guarantees.

逗号分隔值 - 用于表格数据的简单文本格式，每行代表一行，逗号分隔列。所有电子表格应用程序、数据库和编程语言可读的通用数据交换格式。没有格式、公式或多个工作表 - 仅纯数据。表格数据的最小文件大小。非常适合数据导入/导出、数据库操作、使用 Python/R 进行数据分析和共享数据集。数据科学、网络应用和系统集成的基本格式。与 Excel、数据库和任何数据处理工具兼容。

Microsoft PowerPoint 97-2003 Presentation - legacy binary format for slide presentations. Supports slides, animations, transitions, embedded media, and speaker notes. Compatible with older PowerPoint versions (PowerPoint 97-2007). File sizes larger than modern PPTX. Common in legacy presentation archives, older corporate training materials, and environments requiring backwards compatibility. Still playable but superseded by PPTX for new presentations. Found in archived presentations from pre-2007 era.

Microsoft PowerPoint 2007+ Presentation - modern XML-based format providing better compression (up to 75% smaller than PPT), improved recovery, and enhanced multimedia support. Supports all PowerPoint features including advanced animations, transitions, embedded videos, SmartArt, themes, and master slides. Industry standard for presentations. Native format for PowerPoint 2007+, compatible with Google Slides, LibreOffice Impress, and Keynote. Essential for business presentations, educational slideshows, and professional communication.

OpenDocument Presentation - open standard format for presentation software developed by OASIS consortium. Native format for LibreOffice Impress and Apache OpenOffice Impress. XML-based structure ensuring long-term accessibility. Supports slides, animations, transitions, multimedia, and standard presentation features. Excellent for open-source environments, government presentations, and avoiding vendor lock-in. Free from licensing restrictions. Compatible with PowerPoint through conversion but best used within open-source office suites.

Portable Document Format - universal document format developed by Adobe maintaining exact visual appearance across all platforms and devices. Preserves fonts, images, layouts, and formatting precisely. Industry standard for document distribution, official documents, forms, archival, and printing. Not designed for editing (though modern tools allow limited editing). Supports encryption, digital signatures, forms, annotations, and accessibility features. Essential for contracts, invoices, reports, e-books, and any document requiring consistent appearance. Most widely supported document format globally.

DjVu 文档 - 专为存储扫描文档（尤其是书籍、杂志、历史手稿和图像密集型文档）而优化的专用文件格式。由 AT&T Labs 在 1990 年代末开发，专门解决高质量文档扫描与最小文件大小的问题。使用先进的压缩技术，将文本、线条图和照片区域分开，实现比 PDF 对扫描材料的压缩效果好 5-10 倍。特别受数字图书馆、学术档案和历史文档保存的欢迎。支持多页、可搜索的 OCR 文本层和注释。非常适合数字化大型书籍收藏、存档历史文档和高效分发高质量扫描材料。常见于数字人文学科、图书馆科学和文档保存项目。

XML Paper Specification - Microsoft's alternative to PDF developed as a fixed-layout document format that preserves exact visual appearance across different systems. Introduced with Windows Vista as a built-in Windows document format. Uses Open XML and ZIP container technology. Supports fonts, images, vector graphics, metadata, digital signatures, and print-ready layouts. Native format for Microsoft's printing system. While technically capable, XPS never achieved widespread adoption outside the Windows ecosystem due to PDF's dominance. Mainly encountered in Windows environments, some government systems, and legacy workflows. Modern usage is limited as PDF remains the preferred universal fixed-layout format. Useful primarily for Windows-specific workflows or legacy document compatibility.

Open XML Paper Specification - evolved version of XPS standardized by Ecma International (ECMA-388) to create an open, vendor-neutral fixed-layout document format. Addressed some limitations of original XPS and attempted to provide a more open alternative to PDF. Supports high-quality printing, digital signatures, fonts embedding, and precise layout preservation. Despite standardization efforts, OXPS faces the same adoption challenges as XPS—PDF remains dominant for fixed-layout documents. Mainly relevant in specific enterprise environments, some government agencies preferring open standards, or when working with modern Windows printing systems. Limited support outside Windows ecosystem. Consider converting to PDF for better compatibility and wider software support.

Markdown - 使用纯文本格式语法创建格式化文档的轻量级标记语言。简单符号（* 表示斜体，** 表示粗体，# 表示标题）转换为 HTML。以纯文本形式可读。非常适合 README 文件、文档、博客、笔记和技术写作。开发人员、技术写作者和内容创作者中非常受欢迎。支持标题、列表、链接、图像、代码块和基本格式。极其便携且具有未来保障。许多静态网站生成器和文档系统的基础。

超文本标记语言 - 用于网页的标准标记语言，包含文本、图像、链接和多媒体。可在任何网页浏览器中读取，无需特殊软件。支持样式（CSS）、交互性（JavaScript）和丰富媒体嵌入。自 1991 年以来的通用网络标准。非常适合网络出版、在线文档、电子邮件通讯和可访问内容。极其便携，保证长期支持。可以从文档转换为网络分发或归档以供离线查看。

Electronic Publication - open standard e-book format based on HTML, CSS, and XML. Reflowable text adapts to any screen size. Supports fonts, images, metadata, table of contents, and CSS styling. Industry standard for e-books compatible with most e-readers (Kindle via conversion, Kobo, Nook, Apple Books, Google Play Books). Perfect for digital publishing, self-publishing, and distributing long-form content. EPUB 3 adds multimedia and interactivity. Essential format for authors, publishers, and digital libraries.