将图像转换为任何扩展

JPEG（联合图像专家组）是全球最通用的图像扩展，使用有损压缩将文件大小减少60-90%，同时保持出色的视觉质量。非常适合照片、网络图像、社交媒体以及任何需要在所有设备和平台上广泛兼容的场景。

可移植网络图形扩展，提供无损压缩，支持完全透明（alpha通道）。非常适合徽标、带文本的图形、屏幕截图和需要锐利边缘的图像。文件大小比JPEG大，但通过多次保存保持完美质量，使其成为网络图形和专业设计工作的必备。

Modern image file extension developed by Google, delivering 25-35% smaller file sizes than JPEG with superior visual quality. Supports both lossy and lossless compression plus transparency and animation. Excellent for modern websites and applications, though older browsers (pre-2020) may require fallbacks.

图形交换格式，支持简单动画和256色图像。自1987年以来在所有平台上广泛兼容。非常适合简单动画、小图标和颜色有限的图形。对于现代网络使用，考虑使用WEBP或APNG文件扩展，以获得更好的质量和更小的文件大小。

可缩放矢量图形 - 基于XML的矢量扩展，可以无限缩放而不失去质量。非常适合徽标、图标、插图和需要多种尺寸的图形。无论显示大小如何，文件大小始终保持微小。可以使用文本编辑器和设计软件进行完全编辑。对于响应式网页设计和现代UI开发至关重要。

Windows Icon file extension storing multiple resolutions (16×16 to 256×256 pixels) in a single file. Standard for website favicons and Windows application icons. Supports transparency and multiple color depths. Modern browsers also accept PNG favicons, but ICO ensures maximum compatibility with older systems.

AV1图像文件格式 - 前沿扩展，提供比JPEG高50%的压缩率和更优质的质量。支持HDR、广色域和透明度。非常适合下一代网站和应用程序，尽管浏览器支持仍在增长（2021年及以后）。适合高质量图像，文件大小最小。

Bitmap file extension storing uncompressed pixel data, resulting in very large file sizes but maximum compatibility. Native to Windows systems since 1990. Offers perfect quality preservation but inefficient storage. Rarely used for web or distribution - typically an intermediate extension for editing or system-level graphics.

标记图像文件格式 - 打印、出版和档案存储的专业标准。支持无损压缩（LZW）、多页、图层和广泛的元数据。文件大小较大，但完美保留质量。扫描、摄影和印前工作流程的行业标准。专业打印和文件归档的必备。

Adobe Photoshop Document - native file extension for Photoshop containing layers, masks, adjustment layers, text, and effects. Essential for professional photo editing and graphic design workflows. While editing-capable, can be flattened and converted to standard extensions (PNG, JPEG, TIFF) for final output and web use.

OpenEXR - high dynamic range (HDR) extension developed by Industrial Light & Magic for visual effects and CGI. Stores 16-bit or 32-bit floating-point data per channel, capturing extreme brightness ranges impossible in standard formats. Industry standard for film production, 3D rendering, and professional photography requiring HDR workflows.

Radiance HDR文件扩展，存储具有扩展亮度值的高动态范围图像。捕捉从深阴影到明亮高光的真实世界光照，形成单一图像。对于3D渲染、建筑可视化和高级摄影至关重要。在专业成像软件和3D应用程序中广泛支持。

DirectDraw Surface - Microsoft extension optimized for real-time rendering and game textures. Supports compressed formats (DXT1-5, BC1-7) reducing GPU memory usage while maintaining quality. Essential for game development, 3D applications, and any scenario requiring efficient texture storage and fast loading times.

Truevision Targa file extension supporting 32-bit color with 8-bit alpha channel. Popular in video game development, animation, and 3D rendering for its simplicity and broad software support. Offers lossless storage with optional RLE compression. Common intermediate extension in content creation pipelines.

JPEG 2000 - 采用小波压缩的高级格式，相比标准JPEG提供更优质的质量和更小的文件大小。支持无损压缩、透明度和16位色深。用于数字电影、医学成像和档案存储。质量优于JPEG，但网络浏览器支持有限。

JPEG立体格式，存储并排或上下的3D图像以供立体观看。包含左眼和右眼视角于一个文件中。用于3D摄影、虚拟现实内容创作和立体显示。专门用于3D成像应用和立体照片分享的格式。

可移植浮点图 - 简单的HDR格式，存储浮点RGB值以进行高动态范围成像。未压缩且简单，广泛应用于计算机视觉、摄影测量和科学成像。为计算摄影和图像处理研究保留最大精度。

灵活图像传输系统（FITS） - 天文学和科学成像中的标准格式，用于存储望远镜图像、光谱和数据立方体。支持广泛的元数据、多维数据和高位深。对于天文研究、天体摄影和科学数据归档至关重要。

High Efficiency Image Container - Apple's default format since iOS 11, offering 50% smaller file sizes than JPEG while maintaining equivalent visual quality. Uses HEVC (H.265) compression technology. Supports transparency, multiple images, and image sequences. Excellent for iPhone/iPad storage efficiency but requires conversion for compatibility with Windows and Android devices.

高效图像文件格式 - HEIC所基于的开放标准，支持多种图像编解码器，包括HEVC、AV1和JPEG。提供现代压缩、HDR支持以及深度图和图像突发等高级功能。作为JPEG在移动摄影和现代成像应用中的继任者，正在各个平台上逐渐被采用。

标准JPEG格式变体 - 与JPG相同，但在旧系统中使用四个字母的扩展约定。提供相同的通用兼容性、有损压缩和广泛支持。现代系统中，.jpeg和.jpg扩展完全可以互换，均产生相同的图像质量和文件特性。

JPEG file extension variant historically used in some Windows systems and applications. Functionally identical to JPG/JPEG format with the same compression, quality, and compatibility. Rare in modern usage but supported for backwards compatibility with legacy software and archival files from older systems.

JPEG文件交换格式 - 标准化的JPEG版本，旨在实现不同系统和应用之间的最大互操作性。包括特定的色彩空间（YCbCr）和分辨率元数据要求。大多数JPEG文件实际上在内部使用JFIF结构，使其成为JPEG图像交换和网络传输的事实标准。

JPEG变体，结合JFIF头结构，以增强不同平台和应用之间的兼容性。确保一致的色彩空间处理和分辨率信息。在某些成像软件和旧系统中用于可靠的JPEG交换，尽管现代系统对所有JPEG变体的处理是等效的。

JPEG交换格式变体，强调可移植性和跨平台兼容性。早期JPEG标准化工作中的历史格式。功能上等同于标准JPEG，只有小的头部变化。现代使用中很少见，但为了支持旧文件和归档兼容性而保留。

原始 RGB 颜色数据存储未压缩的红、绿和蓝通道值，没有任何头部或元数据。每个通道 8 位（24 位颜色）的纯像素数据。用于视频处理、计算机视觉、科学成像，以及作为图像处理管道中的中间格式。需要有关图像尺寸和颜色空间的外部信息。

带有 Alpha 通道的原始 RGB 存储未压缩的颜色数据以及透明度信息。每个像素 32 位（红、绿、蓝和 Alpha 各 8 位）。对于合成、视频效果和需要精确透明度控制的应用至关重要。常见于游戏开发、视频制作和高级图像处理工作流程。

带有不透明度通道的原始 RGB - RGBA 的变体，强调用于合成和混合操作的不透明度数据。存储未压缩的颜色和透明度信息，适用于专业工作流程。用于专业成像软件、视频效果管道和需要显式不透明度层管理的应用。

原始 RGB Float 格式使用浮点值而不是整数存储高精度颜色数据。支持扩展动态范围和超出标准 0-255 范围的颜色值。对于 HDR 成像、计算摄影、科学可视化以及任何需要最大颜色精度和动态范围的工作流程至关重要。

YUV 颜色空间格式将亮度（Y）与色度（U 和 V 组件）分开。对于压缩更有效，并且比 RGB 更符合人类感知。是视频压缩（MPEG、H.264）、广播电视和数字视频管道中的基本格式。允许色度子采样以显著减少数据，同时最小化感知质量损失。

打包的 YUV 4:2:2 格式具有特定的字节顺序（U、Y、V、Y 模式）。用于专业视频捕捉、广播设备和实时视频处理。与完整 RGB 相比，带宽需求减少 33%，同时保持出色的质量。常见于视频制作硬件和高端相机系统。

X PixMap format - ASCII-based color image format native to X Window System. Stored as C source code, making it directly includable in Unix/Linux applications. Human-readable and editable with text editors. Popular for small icons, cursor graphics, and UI elements in X11 applications and legacy Unix software.

X BitMap - monochrome (black and white) bitmap format stored as C source code for direct inclusion in Unix/Linux programs. One of the oldest image formats still in use, dating to early X Window System (1980s). Simple, text-based, and perfect for small icons, cursors, and pattern fills in X11 applications.

X Window Dump format capturing screen contents or window images from X Window System. Generated by xwd utility in Unix/Linux for screenshots and window captures. Uncompressed format preserving exact pixel data. Standard format for X11 screen capture and debugging, though modern systems often use PNG or JPEG for screenshots.

XV visual schnauzer thumbnail format used by the XV image viewer application popular in Unix/Linux systems. Optimized for quick loading and display in image browsing applications. Designed specifically for thumbnail generation and rapid image preview in file managers and image cataloging software on Unix platforms.

Sun Raster format - native image format for Sun Microsystems workstations and Solaris operating system. Supports multiple color depths, RLE compression, and various encoding schemes. Widely used in Sun workstations during 1980s-1990s. Still supported for legacy compatibility in scientific and engineering applications that originated on Sun hardware.

Silicon Graphics Image format (RGB format) from SGI workstations, featuring RLE compression and support for multiple channels. Standard format in professional 3D graphics, visual effects, and animation industries during the 1990s. Legacy of SGI's dominance in computer graphics, still supported in professional imaging software for archival compatibility.

Sun Raster format (alternate extension) - same as SUN format, native to Sun Microsystems systems. Stores uncompressed or RLE-compressed bitmap data with support for various color depths. Common in scientific computing, engineering applications, and legacy Unix systems. Maintained for backwards compatibility with archival data from Sun workstations.

Portable Pixel Map - simplest color image format from Netpbm suite, storing RGB values in plain text or binary. Maximum portability across all platforms and programming languages. Easy to parse and generate programmatically. Popular in academic settings, image processing education, and as intermediate format in conversion pipelines.

Portable Bit Map - monochrome (1-bit) format from Netpbm suite, storing black and white images in ultra-simple ASCII or binary format. Each pixel is single bit (0 or 1). Extremely portable and trivial to parse. Perfect for line art, text documents, fax images, and teaching image format fundamentals.

Portable Gray Map - grayscale format from Netpbm suite supporting 8-bit or 16-bit gray values in text or binary encoding. Simple, portable, and widely supported. Common in scientific imaging, document scanning, medical imaging, and computer vision research where color information is unnecessary.

Portable Any Map - umbrella format encompassing PBM (monochrome), PGM (grayscale), and PPM (color). Programs supporting PNM can read any of these formats automatically. Maximum portability and simplicity. Popular in Unix utilities, image processing pipelines, and educational contexts for teaching image manipulation algorithms.

Portable Arbitrary Map - extended Netpbm format supporting arbitrary color depths, transparency, and multiple channels. Modern evolution of PBM/PGM/PPM adding flexibility while maintaining simplicity. Supports grayscale, RGB, RGBA, and custom channel configurations. Used in advanced image processing and scientific applications requiring simple format with extended capabilities.

PC Paintbrush format from ZSoft Corporation, one of the first widely-used bitmap formats for IBM PC (1985). Supported by early DOS graphics software and games. Features RLE compression and multiple color depths. Though obsolete for modern use, still encountered in legacy archives, old game assets, and retro computing applications.

Apple PICT (Picture) format - native graphics format for classic Mac OS (1984-2001). Supported both bitmap and vector data, making it versatile for Mac applications. Standard format for clipboard operations and document embedding on pre-OS X Macs. Legacy format maintained for opening old Mac files and archival purposes.

Macintosh PICT format (alternate extension) - same as PICT, native to classic Mac OS. Combined bitmap and vector graphics capabilities in single file. Standard for Mac graphics interchange before OS X adoption of PDF. Essential for accessing graphics from vintage Mac applications, HyperCard stacks, and classic Mac OS documents.

Photo CD format developed by Kodak for storing photographs on compact discs at multiple resolutions (Base/16, Base/4, Base, 4Base, 16Base). Professional photo archival system from 1990s. Each image stored in proprietary YCC color space at up to 6 resolutions for different uses. Maintained for accessing archived Kodak Photo CD collections.

Palm Database ImageViewer format for Palm OS handheld devices (1996-2010). Compressed format optimized for small screens and limited storage of PDAs. Stored images in Palm's database format with metadata. Legacy format for accessing images from vintage Palm Pilot, Handspring, and Sony Clie devices and applications.

Palm Pixmap format for Palm OS handheld devices, storing bitmap images optimized for Palm's monochrome and color screens. Compressed efficiently for limited PDA storage. Standard image format for Palm OS applications and games. Maintained for retro computing enthusiasts and accessing archived Palm OS content.

Windows Cursor format storing mouse pointer graphics with hotspot coordinates indicating the click point. Similar to ICO but includes cursor-specific metadata. Supports multiple resolutions and color depths. Standard format for custom Windows mouse pointers, cursor sets, and application-specific cursor graphics since Windows 1.0.

VIPS (VASARI Image Processing System) native format optimized for large image processing and manipulation. Designed for efficiency with huge images (gigapixel+) through partial loading and streaming. Popular in digital humanities, scanning projects, and applications processing very large images. Open-source libvips library provides fast processing capabilities.

Khoros Visualization Image File Format from Khoros visual programming environment for image processing and analysis. Supports multiple data types, multi-dimensional images, and extensive metadata. Used in scientific visualization, computer vision research, and academic image processing. Legacy of influential Khoros image processing toolkit.

多图像网络图形 - PNG 的动画表亲，支持动画、多幅图像和复杂的时间控制。比 GIF 更强大，支持完整的颜色和透明度。尽管技术上优越，但有限的浏览器采用导致 APNG 和 WEBP 的主导地位。用于需要高级动画功能且具有 PNG 质量的专业应用。

MTV Raytracer 格式来自 1990 年代的光线追踪软件，存储来自 MTV（不是音乐频道）光线追踪程序的渲染图像。简单的未压缩 RGB 格式，用于计算机图形教育和早期 3D 渲染。是学术光线追踪开发时代的历史格式，保留用于访问归档的渲染图像。

无线位图格式专为早期具有单色屏幕的手机设计（WAP 1.0 时代，1990 年代至 2000 年代）。极其简单的 1 位格式，针对在慢速移动网络上进行最小数据传输进行了优化。是智能手机之前时代的遗留格式，用于早期移动网页内容和基本手机应用，在彩色显示成为标准之前。

JPEG 2000 VM（验证模型）格式 - JPEG 2000 开发的测试和参考实现格式。简单的原始格式，存储单个图像组件以测试小波压缩算法。用于 JPEG 2000 研究、编解码器开发和压缩性能的技术分析。

颜色调色板格式存储 8 位图像的索引颜色查找表（CLUT）。将像素值映射到特定的 RGB 颜色，减少有限颜色数量图像的文件大小。用于游戏开发、复古图形和优化具有 256 种或更少颜色的图形。对于基于调色板的图像编辑和颜色量化至关重要。

颜色映射格式包含索引颜色调色板，用于将像素值映射到颜色。类似于 PAL 格式，用于各种成像应用中的颜色表存储。常见于科学可视化、游戏资产管道和使用颜色映射显示的应用。支持颜色量化和基于调色板的图像优化技术。

第 3 组传真格式 - 传真机和文档扫描的标准单色压缩格式。使用修改过的霍夫曼编码以高效地通过电话线路传输。1980 年的 CCITT T.4 标准，在典型文本文档上实现 10:1 的压缩。对于文档归档、扫描应用和电信系统至关重要。

CCITT 第 3 组传真编码标准，用于通过模拟电话线路进行传真传输。对每个扫描行进行一维压缩编码。标准分辨率（204×98 或 204×196 DPI）在质量和传输时间之间取得平衡。是全球传真通信的基础，仍用于扫描和文档管理系统。

CCITT 第 4 组传真编码 - 高级二维压缩，参考先前的扫描行以获得更好的压缩。为数字网络设计，比模拟第 3 组更可靠。在典型文本上实现 20:1 的压缩。是文档管理、数字归档和现代扫描应用中需要高效单色存储的标准。

JBIG1（联合二级图像专家组）二级图像压缩标准，提供比第 3/4 组传真格式更优越的压缩。渐进编码允许在传输过程中进行低分辨率预览。比 G4 传真压缩效果好 20-50%。用于文档扫描、归档系统和需要高效黑白文档存储的应用。

JBIG 二级图像压缩格式，提供最先进的无损压缩，适用于单色文档和线条艺术。显著优于旧的传真标准（G3/G4），具有渐进编码和自适应压缩。对于高容量文档扫描、法律归档、技术图纸存储以及任何需要高效 1 位图像压缩的应用至关重要。

DEC SIXEL (Sixel) graphics format from Digital Equipment Corporation's VT240/VT340 terminals (1983-1990s). Encodes images as sequences of six-vertical-pixel patterns transmitted as text. Allowed graphics display on text-based terminals. Experiencing revival in modern terminal emulators (xterm, mlterm) for retro computing and command-line graphics. Cult format among terminal enthusiasts.

SIXEL encoding variant - alternate extension for DEC Sixel graphics format. Six-pixel vertical encoding scheme allowing bitmap graphics on text terminals. Used in vintage DEC terminals and modern terminal emulators supporting SIXEL protocol. Popular in retro computing communities and for displaying graphics in terminal-based applications and SSH sessions.

慢扫描电视（SSTV）编码格式，用于通过无线电频率（HF/VHF）传输图像。业余无线电爱好者使用音频信号交换图片。通常为 256×240 或 320×256 分辨率，采用 8 位颜色。是业余无线电社区在竞赛、紧急通信和无线电图像传输实验中的活跃格式。

IPLab 图像格式来自 IPLab 科学图像处理软件，在显微镜和生物医学研究中很受欢迎。支持多维图像、时间序列和广泛的科学元数据。是影响深远的图像分析软件的遗留格式，用于生物科学。保留用于访问 1990 年代至 2000 年代研究的归档显微镜数据和科学图像集合。

个人图标格式，专为在线数据库和目录服务中的小型用户头像和图标设计。紧凑格式，针对小尺寸（典型 48×48）的面部图像进行了优化。用于早期互联网目录服务、电子邮件系统和在线社区，在 JPEG/PNG 主导之前。是互联网历史的一部分，源于网络服务的前网络时代。

On-the-air Bitmap format from Teletext and Viewdata systems for transmitting graphics over broadcast television signals. Compact encoding for limited bandwidth of TV broadcast data channels. Used in Teletext services (BBC Ceefax, ITV Oracle) and videotex systems. Historical format from broadcast teletext era (1970s-2010s), now maintained for archival access to broadcast graphics.