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支持的格式
以高质量在所有主要文件格式之间转换
常见格式
MPEG-1音频层III - 全球最通用的音频格式,使用有损压缩将文件大小减少90%,同时保持出色的感知质量。非常适合音乐库、播客、便携设备以及任何需要广泛兼容性的场景。支持32-320kbps的比特率。自1993年以来成为数字音乐的标准,几乎可以在每个设备和平台上播放。
Waveform Audio File Format - uncompressed PCM audio providing perfect quality preservation. Standard Windows audio format with universal compatibility. Large file sizes (10MB per minute of stereo CD-quality). Perfect for audio production, professional recording, mastering, and situations requiring zero quality loss. Supports various bit depths (16, 24, 32-bit) and sample rates. Industry standard for professional audio work.
Ogg Vorbis - 开源有损音频编码器,提供与MP3/AAC相当的质量,且比特率相似。无专利和许可限制。与MP3在相同质量下文件大小更小。用于游戏、开源软件和流媒体。支持可变比特率(VBR),以获得最佳质量。非常适合需要免费编码器和良好质量的应用。媒体播放器和平台的支持不断增加。
Advanced Audio Coding - successor to MP3 offering better quality at same bitrate (or same quality at lower bitrate). Standard audio codec for Apple devices, YouTube, and many streaming services. Supports up to 48 channels and 96kHz sample rate. Improved frequency response and handling of complex audio. Perfect for iTunes, iOS devices, video streaming, and modern audio applications. Part of MPEG-4 standard widely supported across platforms.
无损音频压缩编码器 - 在不损失任何质量的情况下压缩音频40-60%。完美保留原始音频的逐位精度。开放源代码格式,无专利或许可费用。支持高分辨率音频(192kHz/24-bit)。非常适合归档音乐收藏、音响爱好者听音和质量至关重要的场景。广泛支持媒体播放器和流媒体服务。质量与文件大小之间的理想平衡。
MPEG-4 Audio - AAC or ALAC audio in MP4 container. Standard audio format for Apple ecosystem (iTunes, iPhone, iPad). Supports both lossy (AAC) and lossless (ALAC) compression. Better quality than MP3 at same file size. Includes metadata support for artwork, lyrics, and rich tags. Perfect for iTunes library, iOS devices, and Apple software. Widely compatible across platforms despite Apple association. Common format for purchased music and audiobooks.
Windows Media Audio - Microsoft's proprietary audio codec with good compression and quality. Standard Windows audio format with native OS support. Supports DRM for protected content. Various profiles (WMA Standard, WMA Pro, WMA Lossless). Comparable quality to AAC at similar bitrates. Perfect for Windows ecosystem and legacy Windows Media Player. Being superseded by AAC and other formats. Still encountered in Windows-centric environments and older audio collections.
无损格式
Apple Lossless Audio Codec - Apple's lossless compression reducing file size 40-60% with zero quality loss. Perfect preservation of original audio like FLAC but in Apple ecosystem. Standard lossless format for iTunes and iOS. Supports high-resolution audio up to 384kHz/32-bit. Smaller than uncompressed but larger than lossy formats. Perfect for iTunes library, audiophile iOS listening, and maintaining perfect quality in Apple ecosystem. Comparable to FLAC but with better Apple integration.
Monkey's Audio - 高效的无损压缩,达到比FLAC更好的压缩比(通常为原始文件的55-60%)。完美保留质量,零损失。免费格式,开放规范。压缩/解压缩速度比FLAC慢。受到音响爱好者社区的欢迎。与FLAC相比,播放器支持有限。非常适合在最大空间节省的情况下进行归档,同时保持完美质量。最适合存储空间至关重要而处理速度不重要的场景。
WavPack - hybrid lossless/lossy audio codec with unique correction file feature. Can create lossy file with separate correction file for lossless reconstruction. Excellent compression efficiency. Perfect for flexible audio archiving. Less common than FLAC. Supports high-resolution audio and DSD. Convert to FLAC for universal compatibility.
True Audio - lossless audio compression with fast encoding/decoding. Similar compression to FLAC with simpler algorithm. Open-source and free format. Perfect quality preservation. Less common than FLAC with limited player support. Perfect for audio archiving when FLAC compatibility not required. Convert to FLAC for broader compatibility.
Audio Interchange File Format - Apple's uncompressed audio format, equivalent to WAV but for Mac. Stores PCM audio with perfect quality. Standard audio format for macOS and professional Mac audio applications. Supports metadata tags better than WAV. Large file sizes like WAV (10MB per minute). Perfect for Mac-based audio production, professional recording, and scenarios requiring uncompressed audio on Apple platforms. Interchangeable with WAV for most purposes.
现代格式
Opus音频编码器 - 现代开源编码器(2012年)在6kbps到510kbps的所有比特率下提供最佳质量。对语音和音乐表现出色。现代编码器中延迟最低,非常适合VoIP和实时通信。在相同比特率下优于MP3、AAC和Vorbis。被WhatsApp、Discord和WebRTC使用。非常适合流媒体、语音通话、播客和音乐。正在成为互联网音频的通用音频编码器。
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Matroska Audio - audio-only Matroska container supporting any audio codec. Flexible format with metadata support. Can contain multiple audio tracks. Perfect for audio albums with chapters and metadata. Part of Matroska multimedia framework. Used for audiobooks and multi-track audio. Convert to FLAC or MP3 for universal compatibility.
遗留格式
MPEG-1音频层II - MP3的前身,用于广播和DVD。在高比特率下质量优于MP3。DVB(数字电视)和DVD-Video的标准音频编码器。压缩效率低于MP3。非常适合广播应用和DVD制作。作为遗留格式正在被AAC取代,仍在数字电视和视频制作工作流程中遇到。
Dolby Digital (AC-3) - surround sound audio codec for DVD, Blu-ray, and digital broadcasting. Supports up to 5.1 channels. Standard audio format for DVDs and HDTV. Good compression with multichannel support. Perfect for home theater and video production. Used in cinema and broadcast. Requires Dolby license for encoding.
Adaptive Multi-Rate - speech codec optimized for mobile voice calls. Excellent voice quality at very low bitrates (4.75-12.2 kbps). Standard for GSM and 3G phone calls. Designed specifically for speech, not music. Perfect for voice recordings, voicemail, and speech applications. Used in WhatsApp voice messages and mobile voice recording. Efficient for voice but inadequate for music.
Sun/NeXT Audio - simple audio format from Sun Microsystems and NeXT Computer. Uncompressed or μ-law/A-law compressed audio. Common on Unix systems. Simple header with audio data. Perfect for Unix audio applications and legacy system compatibility. Found in system sounds and Unix audio files. Convert to WAV or MP3 for modern use.
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RealAudio - legacy streaming audio format from RealNetworks (1990s-2000s). Pioneered internet audio streaming with low-bitrate compression. Obsolete format replaced by modern streaming technologies. Poor quality by today's standards. Convert to MP3 or AAC for modern use. Historical importance in early internet audio streaming.
专业格式
DTS Coherent Acoustics - surround sound codec competing with Dolby Digital. Higher bitrates than AC-3 with potentially better quality. Used in DVD, Blu-ray, and cinema. Supports up to 7.1 channels and object-based audio. Perfect for high-quality home theater. Premium audio format for video distribution. Convert to AC-3 or AAC for broader compatibility.
Core Audio Format - Apple's container for audio data on iOS and macOS. Supports any audio codec and unlimited file sizes. Modern replacement for AIFF on Apple platforms. Perfect for iOS app development and professional Mac audio. No size limitations (unlike WAV). Can store multiple audio streams. Convert to M4A or MP3 for broader compatibility outside Apple ecosystem.
VOC (Creative Voice File) - audio format from Creative Labs Sound Blaster cards. Popular in DOS era (1989-1995) for games and multimedia. Supports multiple compression formats and blocks. Legacy PC audio format. Common in retro gaming. Convert to WAV or MP3 for modern use. Important for DOS game audio preservation.
Speex - open-source speech codec designed for VoIP and internet audio streaming. Variable bitrate from 2-44 kbps. Optimized for speech with low latency. Better than MP3 for voice at low bitrates. Being superseded by Opus. Perfect for voice chat, VoIP, and speech podcasts. Legacy format replaced by Opus in modern applications.
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如何转换文件
上传您的文件,选择输出格式,立即下载转换后的文件。我们的转换器支持批量转换并保持高质量。
常见问题
AU 音频格式是什么,它来自哪里?
AU (also called SND) is a simple audio file format developed by Sun Microsystems for Unix workstations in the 1980s. It was also used by NeXT computers (Steve Jobs' company between Apple stints). AU files contain uncompressed or μ-law/A-law compressed audio with a simple header. Think of it as the Unix equivalent of WAV (Windows) or AIFF (Mac).
Technical simplicity: AU format has minimal header (24 bytes minimum), supports various encodings (PCM, μ-law, A-law, ADPCM), and uses big-endian byte order (Unix standard). This simplicity made it popular for Unix systems and telephony applications where low overhead mattered. It's more primitive than WAV but that was the point - simple and functional.
我应该将 AU 文件转换为 WAV 还是 MP3?
转换 AU 文件以获得更好的兼容性:
现代软件支持
大多数现代音频软件并不优先支持 AU。WAV/MP3 在任何地方都能工作。更好的兼容性。
过时的格式
AU is Unix legacy format with no advantages over modern alternatives. Convert for future-proofing.
移动不兼容性
手机不支持 AU。转换为 MP3/AAC 使移动播放成为可能。这对便携性至关重要。
标准格式更好
WAV(无压缩)或 FLAC(无损)是更好的归档格式。MP3/AAC 更适合压缩。AU 没有任何优势。
如果质量重要,请将 AU 转换为 WAV;如果大小重要,请转换为 MP3。在现代工作流程中没有理由保留 AU 文件。
将 AU 转换为 WAV 会失去质量吗?
AU 转 WAV 的质量考虑因素:
取决于编码
使用 PCM 的 AU 是无损压缩 - 转换为 WAV 时无损。使用 μ-law/A-law 的 AU 是有损压缩的电话音频。
PCM 转换
PCM AU 转 WAV 只是容器更改。比特完美的音频传输。零质量损失。相同的原始音频数据。
μ-law/A-law 转换
这些是用于电话的有损 8 位压缩(8kHz)。已经降级。转换为 WAV 不会改善质量。
字节顺序更改
AU 使用大端,WAV 使用小端。转换交换字节,但音频在数学上是相同的。
头部差异
只有文件头发生变化(AU 与 WAV 结构)。无损类型的音频负载完美传输。
最佳实践
将 PCM AU 转换为 WAV 以获得无损的现代格式。将电话 AU 转换为 MP3 以获得实用的压缩格式。
无代际损失
对于无损的 AU,转换是完全安全的。没有质量问题。格式兼容性提升,零成本。
AU 转 WAV 转换对于 PCM 音频是安全的。已经压缩的 AU 无法更好,转换为实用格式。
AU 文件中的 μ-law 和 A-law 压缩是什么?
μ-law(mu-law)和 A-law 是用于电话音频的对数压缩算法,将 13-16 位音频压缩为 8 位。它们是针对人声而优化的有损压缩,而不是音乐。μ-law 在北美/日本(T1 电话)中使用,A-law 在欧洲/世界其他地区(E1 电话)中使用。两者都实现了约 2:1 的压缩,具有可接受的语音质量。
其工作原理:对数编码压缩动态范围 - 大声的声音精度降低,安静的声音精度提高。这与人类听觉(对数灵敏度)相匹配,并保持语音的可懂性。按音乐标准来看质量较差(模糊、压缩),但对于语音通信是可以接受的。
实际影响:如果您的 AU 文件使用 μ-law 或 A-law,它已经是降级的电话质量音频(通常为 8kHz,8 位)。转换为 WAV 或 MP3 不会改善质量 - 源根本有限。这些编码是为 1980 年代的电话系统设计的,而不是高保真音频。
什么软件可以播放和转换 AU 文件?
Players: VLC (Windows/Mac/Linux - plays everything including AU), Audacity (import/edit AU files), QuickTime Player (Mac - native AU support), Windows Media Player (with codecs), mpv (minimalist player). Most full-featured audio software handles AU because it's simple format, but support isn't guaranteed in lightweight players.
Converters: FFmpeg (command line - `ffmpeg -i input.au output.wav` or `output.mp3`), Audacity (GUI import/export), SoX (command-line audio Swiss army knife), foobar2000 (Windows), XLD (Mac). AU is well-supported by professional audio tools despite obscurity.
Online: Our converter and others support AU format. Upload .au file, choose WAV/MP3/AAC output, download. Easy for occasional conversions without installing software. For batch processing old Unix archives, FFmpeg with scripts is most efficient.
Why was AU format used on Unix systems?
Simplicity: AU format is extremely simple - 24-byte header with offset, sample rate, channels, encoding type. No complex structures or specifications. This matched Unix philosophy of simple, composable tools. Easy to implement, easy to parse, minimal overhead.
Native Unix format: Sun workstations dominated Unix market in 1980s-90s. Sun's audio format became de facto Unix standard. NeXT also used AU, spreading it further. When you recorded audio on Unix workstation, you got AU file. It was the native format, like WAV on Windows.
Telephony use: μ-law compression in AU made it perfect for telephony applications on Unix servers. Many PBX systems, IVR platforms, and telecom tools used AU format for voice prompts and recordings. This kept AU relevant in telephony even after general-purpose audio moved to better formats.
AU 文件可以包含高质量音频吗?
是的,AU 支持在各种采样率和位深度下的无损 PCM 音频。您可以拥有 16 位/44.1kHz 立体声 AU 文件,具有 CD 质量音频。然而,您遇到的大多数 AU 文件要么是 μ-law/A-law 压缩的(电话质量),要么是低采样率(8kHz 语音录音)。高质量 AU 在技术上是可能的,但并不常见。
Practical reality: Unix systems recording high-quality audio typically used other formats. AU was mainly for system sounds, voice recordings, and telephony. If you have high-quality AU file, someone deliberately chose AU over alternatives - probably for compatibility with specific Unix software.
现代观点:即使 AU 包含高质量 PCM,也要转换为 WAV 或 FLAC。这些格式具有更好的软件支持、更清晰的规格和更广泛的兼容性。AU 对于高质量音频没有任何优势 - 它是没有现代好处的遗留格式。
如何批量转换 AU 文件?
批量 AU 转换方法:
FFmpeg (Best)
Windows: `for %f in (*.au) do ffmpeg -i "%f" "%~nf.wav"` converts folder. Linux/Mac: similar with bash.
SoX (Unix Tool)
`for f in *.au; do sox "$f" "${f%.au}.wav"; done` 处理所有 AU 文件。快速、可靠。
图形用户界面批量
Audacity (macros), foobar2000 (Windows batch convert), XLD (Mac batch mode). Easier for non-technical users.
压缩选择
转换为 WAV 以进行归档(无损)。转换为 192kbps MP3 以供实际使用(压缩)。
首先验证文件
在批量处理数百个文件之前,先对一个 AU 文件进行测试转换。确保设置正确。
FFmpeg or SoX handle AU well. Batch convert old Unix archives to modern formats for better accessibility.
AU 和 WAV 之间有什么区别?
Origins: AU from Sun/Unix (1980s), WAV from Microsoft/IBM (1991 RIFF/WAV specification). Platform differences - AU used big-endian byte order (Unix/Mac standard), WAV uses little-endian (PC standard). Both can contain similar audio data (PCM, ADPCM, etc.).
结构:AU 具有更简单的头部(最小 24 字节,可扩展),WAV 具有更复杂的 RIFF 结构和块。AU 更简约,WAV 在元数据方面更灵活。对于基本的无损音频,它们在功能上是等效的 - 不同的容器用于相同的音频数据。
Practical use: WAV won due to Windows dominance and better standardization. AU survives only in Unix legacy systems and telephony. If choosing today, always use WAV (or FLAC for lossless compression) - better support, clearer specs, universal compatibility. AU is historical curiosity.
是否有理由保留 AU 格式文件?
何时保留 AU 与转换:
遗留系统兼容性
If feeding audio to old Unix software that expects AU format specifically. Some vintage systems reject other formats.
电话系统
一些 PBX/IVR 平台需要使用 μ-law 的 AU。转换会破坏兼容性。为此保留原件。
历史档案
If archiving original Unix system content, keep AU for historical accuracy. But make modern copies too.
否则转换
对于个人音频收藏、音乐或一般用途 - 转换为 WAV/MP3。保留 AU 没有好处。
双重方法
如果历史重要,归档 AU 原件,但为实际使用创建 WAV/MP3 副本。两全其美。
现代工作流程
没有理由创建新的 AU 文件。使用 WAV(无损)、FLAC(无损)或 AAC/MP3(有损)。
格式没有未来
AU 支持只会减少。现在转换确保长期可访问性。不要依赖过时的格式。
仅限小众应用
Unless you have specific Unix/telephony needs, AU is dead format. Convert and move to modern standards.
简单决策
没有特定理由保留 AU 吗?转换它。如果有特定的遗留需求?保留 AU 副本。上下文决定选择。
未来保障
AU 的软件支持将消失。转换确保您的音频在几十年后仍然可播放。
AU 格式支持什么采样率和位深?
AU 格式灵活:支持从 8kHz(电话质量)到 48kHz+(高质量)的采样率,位深从 8 位到 24 位,以及单声道或立体声通道。常见配置:8kHz/8-bit/μ-law(电话质量),22.05kHz/16-bit(多媒体),44.1kHz/16-bit(CD 质量),48kHz/16-bit(视频音频)。
然而,大多数 AU 文件的质量较低,都是电话音频(8kHz/8-bit),因为 AU 主要用于此。高质量的 AU 文件存在,但很少见。该格式支持质量,但使用模式更倾向于语音录音和系统声音,而非音乐。
转换时:首先使用 `ffmpeg -i file.au` 或音频编辑器检查源 AU 规格。这告诉您是否拥有电话质量的 8kHz 音频或更高质量的 PCM。相应调整转换策略 - 低质量源转换为压缩格式,高质量源应选择无损或无压缩目标。
AU 文件可以有元数据或标签吗?
实际上不可以。AU 格式的头部信息很少,包含技术信息(编码、采样率、通道),但没有标准化的艺术家、标题、专辑等元数据。头部包含可选的 'info' 字段用于文本描述,但这不是结构化的元数据 - 只是大多数软件忽略的自由格式文本。
这也是 AU 过时的另一个原因:现代音频文件需要元数据来组织库。WAV 有 INFO 块,FLAC 有 Vorbis 评论,MP3 有 ID3 标签。AU 实际上没有任何东西。对于有组织的音乐收藏,AU 是糟糕的选择。
转换时:元数据不会从 AU 转移(因为它不存在)。您需要在转换后使用 mp3tag、MusicBee、foobar2000 或其他标签软件手动添加标签。这虽然繁琐,但对于适当的库管理是必要的。
AU 格式在专业领域仍然使用吗?
遗留电话:一些旧的 PBX(私人分支交换机)系统、IVR(交互式语音响应)平台和电信设备仍然使用 AU 格式进行语音提示和录音。这些系统可以追溯到 1980 年代至 1990 年代,当时 AU 是标准的电话格式。现代系统使用其他格式,但遗留设备仍然存在。
Unix purists: Some old-school Unix users maintain AU for historical or philosophical reasons (using same format as Sun workstations). This is nostalgia, not practical necessity. Modern Unix/Linux users prefer WAV, FLAC, or Opus.
实际答案:不,AU 在新项目中不再专业使用。任何新的音频工作都使用 WAV、FLAC、AAC、MP3 或 Opus。AU 仅存在于未更新的遗留系统中。如果开始新项目,绝不要选择 AU - 它对现代替代品没有任何优势。
我如何识别 AU 文件编码类型?
FFmpeg probe: Run `ffmpeg -i file.au` in terminal. Output shows encoding (pcm_s16be for 16-bit PCM, pcm_mulaw for μ-law, pcm_alaw for A-law), sample rate, channels, duration. This is most reliable method.
音频编辑器:在 Audacity 或其他编辑器中打开 AU。文件信息显示格式详细信息。波形可视化也暗示质量 - 锯齿状的低分辨率波形暗示 μ-law/A-law 或低位深,平滑波形则暗示 PCM。
为什么这很重要:μ-law/A-law AU 文件已经是降级的电话音频 - 转换为压缩格式(MP3 64-96kbps 足够)。PCM AU 文件是高质量的 - 无损转换为 WAV 或 FLAC 以进行压缩。了解编码可以防止不当转换(例如,从 8kHz μ-law 源创建 320kbps MP3 - 浪费空间)。
AU vs WAV vs AIFF - 哪种格式适合归档?
使用 WAV:通用无压缩格式,优秀的软件支持,清晰的规格,适用于所有平台。WAV 是无压缩音频归档的安全、实用选择。最大兼容性,没有意外。无压缩音频的行业标准。
使用 FLAC:如果存储空间重要,FLAC 提供无损压缩(占 WAV 大小的 50-60%),质量完美。比无压缩格式更好的长期选择 - 相同质量,减少空间,优秀的软件支持。开源并得到机构支持(Xiph.Org)。
Don't use AU or AIFF: Both are legacy platform-specific formats (Unix and Mac respectively) with worse compatibility than WAV. AIFF is better than AU (more features, better support) but still inferior to WAV for archival. For modern audio archival: FLAC first choice (lossless compression), WAV second choice (uncompressed standard), AU/AIFF never (obsolete platform formats). Convert existing AU/AIFF to FLAC or WAV for future-proofing.