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Format yang Didukung
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Format Umum
ZIP Archive - universal compression format developed by Phil Katz (1989) supporting multiple compression methods. Built into Windows, macOS, and Linux. Uses DEFLATE algorithm providing good compression (40-60% reduction) with fast processing. Supports file encryption, split archives, and compression levels. Maximum compatibility across all platforms and devices. Perfect for file sharing, email attachments, web downloads, and general-purpose compression. Industry standard with virtually universal software support including built-in OS tools, mobile apps, and command-line utilities.
RAR Archive - proprietary format by Eugene Roshal (1993) offering superior compression ratios (10-20% better than ZIP) through advanced algorithms. Popular on Windows with WinRAR software. Supports recovery records for damaged archive repair, solid compression for better ratios, strong AES encryption, and split archives up to 8 exabytes. Excellent for long-term storage, large file collections, and backup scenarios. Common in software distribution and file sharing communities. Requires WinRAR or compatible software (not built into most systems).
7-Zip Archive - open-source format by Igor Pavlov (1999) providing the best compression ratio available (20-40% better than ZIP, 10-15% better than RAR). Uses LZMA and LZMA2 algorithms with strong AES-256 encryption. Supports huge file sizes (16 exabytes), multiple compression methods, solid compression, and self-extracting archives. Free from licensing restrictions and patent concerns. Perfect for maximizing storage efficiency, software distribution, and backup archives where size matters. Requires 7-Zip or compatible software but offers exceptional space savings.
Unix Formats
TAR Archive - Tape Archive format from Unix (1979) bundling multiple files and directories into single file without compression. Preserves file permissions, ownership, timestamps, and symbolic links critical for Unix systems. Often combined with compression (TAR.GZ, TAR.BZ2, TAR.XZ) for efficient distribution. Standard format for Linux software packages, system backups, and cross-platform file transfer. Essential for maintaining Unix file attributes. Works with streaming operations enabling network transfers and piping. Foundation of Unix/Linux backup and distribution systems.
GZIP/TGZ - GNU zip compression format (1992) using DEFLATE algorithm, standard compression for Linux and Unix systems. TGZ is TAR archive compressed with GZIP. Fast compression and decompression with moderate ratios (50-70% reduction for text). Single-file compression commonly paired with TAR for multi-file archives. Universal on Unix/Linux systems with built-in 'gzip' command. Perfect for log files, text data, Linux software distribution, and web server compression. Streaming-friendly enabling on-the-fly compression. Industry standard for Unix file compression since the 1990s.
BZIP2/TBZ2 - block-sorting compression format by Julian Seward (1996) offering better compression than GZIP (10-15% smaller) at the cost of slower processing. TBZ2 is TAR archive compressed with BZIP2. Uses Burrows-Wheeler transform achieving excellent ratios on text and source code. Popular for software distribution where size matters more than speed. Common in Linux package repositories and source code archives. Ideal for archival storage, software releases, and situations prioritizing compression over speed. Standard tool on most Unix/Linux systems.
XZ/TXZ - modern compression format (2009) using LZMA2 algorithm providing excellent compression ratios approaching 7Z quality. TXZ is TAR archive compressed with XZ. Superior to GZIP and BZIP2 with ratios similar to 7Z but as single-file stream. Becoming the new standard for Linux distributions and software packages. Supports multi-threading for faster processing. Perfect for large archives, software distribution, and modern Linux systems. Smaller download sizes for software packages while maintaining fast decompression. Default compression for many current Linux distributions.
{format_tar_7z_desc}
{format_tar_bz_desc}
{format_tar_lz_desc}
{format_tar_lzma_desc}
{format_tar_lzo_desc}
{format_tar_z_desc}
TGZ - TAR archive compressed with GZIP compression. Combines TAR's file bundling with GZIP's compression in single extension (.tgz instead of .tar.gz). Standard format for Linux software distribution and source code packages. Maintains Unix file permissions and attributes while reducing size 50-70%. Fast compression and decompression speeds. Universal compatibility on Unix/Linux systems. Perfect for software releases, backup archives, and cross-platform file transfer. Abbreviated form of TAR.GZ with identical functionality and structure.
TBZ2 - TAR archive compressed with BZIP2 compression. Better compression than TGZ (10-15% smaller) but slower processing. Uses Burrows-Wheeler block sorting for excellent text compression. Common in Linux distributions and software packages where size is critical. Maintains Unix file permissions and attributes. Perfect for source code distribution, archival storage, and bandwidth-limited transfers. Abbreviated form of TAR.BZ2 with identical functionality. Standard format for Gentoo Linux packages and large software archives.
TXZ - TAR archive compressed with XZ (LZMA2) compression. Modern format offering best compression ratios for TAR archives (better than TGZ and TBZ2). Fast decompression despite high compression. Supports multi-threading for improved performance. Becoming standard for Linux distributions (Arch, Slackware use TXZ). Maintains Unix permissions and symbolic links. Perfect for large software packages, system backups, and efficient storage. Abbreviated form of TAR.XZ representing the future of Unix archive compression.
LZMA/TAR.LZMA - Lempel-Ziv-Markov chain Algorithm compression format (2001) offering excellent compression ratios. TAR.LZMA combines TAR archiving with LZMA compression. Predecessor to XZ format using similar algorithm but older container format. Better compression than GZIP and BZIP2 but superseded by XZ/LZMA2. Still encountered in older Linux distributions and legacy archives. Slower compression than GZIP but better ratios (similar to XZ). Modern systems prefer TAR.XZ over TAR.LZMA. Legacy format for accessing older compressed archives from 2000s era.
LZO/TAR.LZO - Lempel-Ziv-Oberhumer compression format prioritizing speed over compression ratio. TAR.LZO is TAR archive compressed with LZO. Extremely fast compression and decompression (faster than GZIP) with moderate ratios (30-50% reduction). Popular in real-time applications, live systems, and scenarios requiring instant decompression. Used by some Linux kernels and embedded systems. Common in backup solutions prioritizing speed. Perfect for temporary compression, live CD/USB systems, and high-speed data transfer. Trade-off: larger files than GZIP/BZIP2/XZ but much faster processing.
Z/TAR.Z - Unix compress format from 1985 using LZW (Lempel-Ziv-Welch) algorithm. TAR.Z is TAR archive compressed with compress command. Historical Unix compression format predating GZIP. Patent issues (until 2003) led to GZIP replacing it. Legacy format with poor compression by modern standards. Rarely used today except in very old Unix systems and historical archives. If you encounter .Z or .tar.Z files, convert to modern formats (TAR.GZ, TAR.XZ) for better compression and wider support. Important for accessing ancient Unix archives from 1980s-1990s.
Format Khusus
ISO Image - ISO 9660 disk image format containing exact sector-by-sector copy of optical media (CD/DVD/Blu-ray). Standard format for distributing operating systems, software installations, and bootable media. Can be mounted as virtual drive without physical disc. Contains complete filesystem including boot sectors, metadata, and file structures. Essential for Linux distributions, system recovery media, and software archives. Used by burning software, virtual machines, and media servers. Universal standard with support in all major operating systems for mounting and burning.
Cabinet Archive - Microsoft's compression format for Windows installers and system files. Used extensively in Windows setup packages, driver installations, and system updates. Supports multiple compression algorithms (DEFLATE, LZX, Quantum), split archives, and digital signatures. Built into Windows with native extraction support. Common in software distribution for Windows applications, particularly older installers and Microsoft products. Maintains Windows-specific attributes and can store multiple files with folder structures. Part of Windows since 1996.
AR Archive - Unix archiver format (1970s) originally for creating library archives (.a files). Simple format storing multiple files with basic metadata (filename, modification time, permissions). Used primarily for static libraries in Unix development (.a extension). Foundation format for DEB packages (Debian packages are AR archives containing control and data). Minimal compression support (none by default). Essential for Unix library management and Debian package structure. Standard tool 'ar' included on all Unix/Linux systems. Simple and reliable for static file collections.
Debian Package - software package format for Debian, Ubuntu, and derivative Linux distributions. Contains compiled software, installation scripts, configuration files, and dependency metadata. Used by APT package manager (apt, apt-get commands). Actually a special AR archive containing control files and data archives. Essential format for Debian-based Linux software distribution. Includes pre/post-installation scripts, version management, and dependency resolution. Standard packaging for thousands of Ubuntu/Debian applications. Can be inspected and extracted as regular archive.
RPM Package - Red Hat Package Manager format for Red Hat, Fedora, CentOS, SUSE, and derivative Linux distributions. Contains compiled software, installation metadata, scripts, and dependency information. Used by YUM and DNF package managers. Includes GPG signature support for security verification. Standard for Red Hat Enterprise Linux ecosystem. Supports pre/post-installation scriptlets, file verification, and rollback capabilities. Essential format for RHEL-based Linux software distribution. Can be extracted as archive to inspect contents without installation.
JAR Archive - format Java Archive berdasarkan kompresi ZIP untuk pengemasan aplikasi Java. Berisi kelas Java yang telah dikompilasi (.class files), sumber daya aplikasi, dan metadata manifest. Format distribusi standar untuk aplikasi dan pustaka Java. Mendukung tanda tangan digital untuk verifikasi kode. Dapat dieksekusi (file JAR yang dapat dijalankan dengan manifest Main-Class). Sempurna untuk penyebaran aplikasi Java, distribusi pustaka, dan sistem plugin. Kompatibel dengan alat ZIP tetapi mencakup fitur khusus Java. Format penting untuk pengembangan dan penyebaran Java sejak 1996.
ARJ Archive - legacy DOS compression format by Robert Jung (1991). Popular in DOS and early Windows era for its good compression ratio and ability to create multi-volume archives. Supports encryption, damage protection, and archive comments. Largely obsolete today, replaced by ZIP, RAR, and 7Z. Still encountered in legacy systems and old software archives. Requires ARJ or compatible decompression software. Historical format important for accessing old DOS/Windows archives from 1990s. Better converted to modern formats for long-term accessibility.
LHA Archive - format kompresi Jepang (juga LZH) yang dikembangkan pada tahun 1988, sangat populer di Jepang dan di kalangan pengguna Amiga. Menggunakan algoritma kompresi LZSS dan LZHUF yang memberikan rasio yang baik. Umum untuk distribusi perangkat lunak Jepang pada tahun 1990-an. Mendukung header arsip, struktur direktori, dan atribut file. Format warisan yang sekarang sebagian besar telah digantikan oleh alternatif modern. Masih ditemukan dalam komputasi retro, arsip perangkat lunak Jepang, dan komunitas Amiga. Memerlukan perangkat lunak yang kompatibel LHA/LZH untuk ekstraksi. Penting untuk mengakses arsip perangkat lunak Jepang dan Amiga.
CPIO Archive - Copy In/Out archive format from Unix (1970s) for creating file archives. Simpler than TAR, often used for system backups and initramfs/initrd creation. Standard format for Linux initial RAM disk images. Supports multiple formats (binary, ASCII, CRC). Better handling of special files and device nodes than TAR. Common in system administration, bootloader configurations, and kernel initrd images. Universal on Unix/Linux systems. Essential for system-level archiving and embedded Linux systems. Works well for streaming operations.
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Pertanyaan yang Sering Diajukan
What is a TGZ file and why is it commonly used on Unix and Linux systems?
A TGZ file is a compressed archive created by combining two steps: first bundling files into a TAR archive, and then compressing that TAR using Gzip. The resulting extension, .tgz or .tar.gz, is widely used on Linux, macOS, and server environments because it preserves full directory structures, permissions, symbolic links, ownership metadata, and timestamps while also reducing file size efficiently.
TGZ adalah format standar untuk mendistribusikan perangkat lunak sumber terbuka, cadangan sistem, paket konfigurasi, dan bundel penyebaran server. Karena TAR menangani struktur dan Gzip menangani kompresi, format ini tetap fleksibel dan dapat diprediksi sambil menawarkan kinerja kompresi yang kuat.
TGZ disukai karena portabilitasnya, kompatibilitas dengan alat baris perintah, dan kemampuannya untuk menangani dataset besar dalam satu arsip terkompresi yang kaya metadata.
Why is TGZ preferred over ZIP in Linux environments?
TGZ preserves Unix permissions, symlinks, device files, and other metadata that ZIP does not track consistently, making it ideal for restoring system environments or deploying software.
Gzip menggunakan algoritma kompresi yang cepat dan efisien yang mencapai rasio yang lebih baik pada banyak beban kerja yang berat teks seperti kode sumber dan log.
TGZ integrates naturally with shell pipelines, scripting workflows, and package managers, making it the default in many Unix-like ecosystems.
Mengapa file TGZ diekstrak lebih lambat daripada file ZIP?
TGZ menggunakan kompresi solid, yang berarti semua data dikompresi sebagai aliran kontinu. Mengekstrak satu file memerlukan pemindaian seluruh arsip.
Dekompresi Gzip cepat tetapi tidak dapat melompati ke depan, jadi bahkan ekstraksi kecil memerlukan pemrosesan blok terkompresi penuh.
Arsip TGZ besar—terutama bundel sumber perangkat lunak—mengandung ribuan file kecil yang meningkatkan waktu ekstraksi.
Mengapa ekstraksi TGZ kadang-kadang menimpa file secara diam-diam?
Perintah tar -x tradisional menimpa file yang ada secara default karena TAR menganggap Anda sedang memulihkan struktur direktori yang tepat.
Skrip dan penginstal sering mengekstrak langsung ke direktori sistem tanpa meminta, menggantikan versi lama.
Flag tambahan atau mengekstrak ke folder sementara mencegah penimpaan yang tidak disengaja.
Mengapa file TGZ menjadi sangat besar sebelum kompresi?
Komponen TAR menyimpan data file mentah dan metadata sebelum Gzip mengompresnya, jadi .tar sementara mungkin besar.
Cadangan log, dump basis data, dan file media dapat secara dramatis meningkatkan ukuran TAR sebelum kompresi Gzip.
Format terkompresi seperti MP4, JPG, dan PNG hampir tidak menyusut ketika ditempatkan di dalam TGZ, membatasi pengurangan ukuran keseluruhan.
Seberapa aman file TGZ?
File TGZ itu sendiri tidak menawarkan enkripsi—baik TAR maupun Gzip menyimpan data dalam bentuk yang dapat dibaca secara default.
Untuk mengamankan TGZ, enkripsi eksternal harus digunakan, seperti GPG, OpenSSL, atau wadah terenkripsi.
File .tar.gz.gpg terenkripsi umum untuk cadangan konfigurasi yang aman dan bundel penyebaran server.
Mengapa file TGZ kadang-kadang gagal dengan kesalahan 'akhir file yang tidak terduga'?
Unduhan sebagian atau transfer yang terputus meninggalkan aliran Gzip tidak lengkap, membuat ekstraksi tidak mungkin.
Korsleting di akhir file merusak checksum dan mencegah alat membaca blok terkompresi penuh.
Header TAR yang rusak di dalam aliran terkompresi juga dapat menghasilkan kesalahan ekstraksi yang tidak lengkap.
Mengapa TGZ bekerja berbeda di berbagai sistem operasi?
Windows tools like WinRAR and 7-Zip can extract TGZ but may not fully support Unix permission restoration.
Linux and macOS tar utilities preserve permissions, ownership, and extended attributes accurately.
Perpustakaan Gzip yang berbeda mungkin juga menangani flag kompresi dan bidang metadata sedikit berbeda.
Apakah file TGZ dapat diperbaiki?
Korsleting minor dapat diabaikan menggunakan flag seperti gunzip -f atau tar --ignore-zeros, memungkinkan pemulihan sebagian.
Jika ekor Gzip rusak, arsip mungkin tidak dapat dipulihkan karena validasi checksum gagal.
Penyimpanan cloud versi atau cadangan sering kali memberikan pemulihan yang paling mudah untuk arsip TGZ yang rusak.
Mengapa TGZ digunakan untuk mendistribusikan perangkat lunak sumber terbuka?
Most build tools, source control systems, and packaging workflows on Unix-like systems expect .tar.gz bundles.
TGZ mempertahankan izin file yang diperlukan untuk skrip, eksekutabel, dan biner yang dikompilasi.
The format is lightweight, deterministic, and easy to generate from command-line build pipelines.
Mengapa Docker dan sistem kontainer menggunakan TGZ secara internal?
TGZ mempertahankan metadata sistem file lengkap yang penting untuk rekonstruksi lapisan kontainer yang akurat.
Aliran terkompresi sekuensialnya cocok sempurna dengan model penyimpanan kontainer berbasis lapisan.
Ini memastikan reproduktibilitas yang konsisten di berbagai lingkungan host.
Apakah TGZ baik untuk berbagi file sehari-hari?
TGZ ideal untuk lingkungan teknis tetapi kurang nyaman bagi pengguna kasual yang tidak familiar dengan TAR dan Gzip.
ZIP may be better for cross-platform sharing since it opens natively on Windows and mobile devices.
TGZ excels in developer, server, and Unix-centric use cases where metadata preservation matters.
Mengapa TGZ mengompresi teks dan kode lebih baik daripada banyak format lainnya?
Gzip menggunakan DEFLATE dengan kompresi berbasis kamus yang sangat efektif pada sumber yang kaya teks.
Repositori sumber besar mengandung pola yang diulang di ribuan file, yang sangat baik untuk dikompresi.
This efficiency is one reason almost all open-source releases—from Linux kernels to Python modules—ship as .tar.gz.
Apakah TGZ sudah ketinggalan zaman dibandingkan dengan format kompresi yang lebih baru?
Tidak—TGZ tetap banyak digunakan karena seimbang antara kecepatan, kompatibilitas, dan kompresi yang memadai.
Namun, format seperti .tar.xz dan .tar.zst dapat memberikan rasio yang lebih baik untuk arsip besar.
Portabilitas ekstrem TGZ membuatnya tetap relevan puluhan tahun setelah penciptaannya.
Haruskah Anda menggunakan TGZ sebagai format pengarsipan utama Anda?
Use TGZ if you work with Linux, macOS, servers, or software distribution pipelines.
Ini ideal untuk cadangan, bundel penyebaran, dan pengemasan kode sumber di mana akurasi metadata diperlukan.
Untuk berbagi kasual atau kompresi sederhana, ZIP lebih mudah—sementara untuk kompresi maksimum, .tar.xz atau .tar.zst mungkin menjadi pilihan yang lebih baik.