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支持的格式
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常见格式
MPEG-1音频层III - 全球最通用的音频格式,使用有损压缩将文件大小减少90%,同时保持出色的感知质量。非常适合音乐库、播客、便携设备以及任何需要广泛兼容性的场景。支持32-320kbps的比特率。自1993年以来成为数字音乐的标准,几乎可以在每个设备和平台上播放。
Waveform Audio File Format - uncompressed PCM audio providing perfect quality preservation. Standard Windows audio format with universal compatibility. Large file sizes (10MB per minute of stereo CD-quality). Perfect for audio production, professional recording, mastering, and situations requiring zero quality loss. Supports various bit depths (16, 24, 32-bit) and sample rates. Industry standard for professional audio work.
Ogg Vorbis - 开源有损音频编码器,提供与MP3/AAC相当的质量,且比特率相似。无专利和许可限制。与MP3在相同质量下文件大小更小。用于游戏、开源软件和流媒体。支持可变比特率(VBR),以获得最佳质量。非常适合需要免费编码器和良好质量的应用。媒体播放器和平台的支持不断增加。
Advanced Audio Coding - successor to MP3 offering better quality at same bitrate (or same quality at lower bitrate). Standard audio codec for Apple devices, YouTube, and many streaming services. Supports up to 48 channels and 96kHz sample rate. Improved frequency response and handling of complex audio. Perfect for iTunes, iOS devices, video streaming, and modern audio applications. Part of MPEG-4 standard widely supported across platforms.
无损音频压缩编码器 - 在不损失任何质量的情况下压缩音频40-60%。完美保留原始音频的逐位精度。开放源代码格式,无专利或许可费用。支持高分辨率音频(192kHz/24-bit)。非常适合归档音乐收藏、音响爱好者听音和质量至关重要的场景。广泛支持媒体播放器和流媒体服务。质量与文件大小之间的理想平衡。
MPEG-4 Audio - AAC or ALAC audio in MP4 container. Standard audio format for Apple ecosystem (iTunes, iPhone, iPad). Supports both lossy (AAC) and lossless (ALAC) compression. Better quality than MP3 at same file size. Includes metadata support for artwork, lyrics, and rich tags. Perfect for iTunes library, iOS devices, and Apple software. Widely compatible across platforms despite Apple association. Common format for purchased music and audiobooks.
Windows Media Audio - Microsoft's proprietary audio codec with good compression and quality. Standard Windows audio format with native OS support. Supports DRM for protected content. Various profiles (WMA Standard, WMA Pro, WMA Lossless). Comparable quality to AAC at similar bitrates. Perfect for Windows ecosystem and legacy Windows Media Player. Being superseded by AAC and other formats. Still encountered in Windows-centric environments and older audio collections.
无损格式
Apple Lossless Audio Codec - Apple's lossless compression reducing file size 40-60% with zero quality loss. Perfect preservation of original audio like FLAC but in Apple ecosystem. Standard lossless format for iTunes and iOS. Supports high-resolution audio up to 384kHz/32-bit. Smaller than uncompressed but larger than lossy formats. Perfect for iTunes library, audiophile iOS listening, and maintaining perfect quality in Apple ecosystem. Comparable to FLAC but with better Apple integration.
Monkey's Audio - 高效的无损压缩,达到比FLAC更好的压缩比(通常为原始文件的55-60%)。完美保留质量,零损失。免费格式,开放规范。压缩/解压缩速度比FLAC慢。受到音响爱好者社区的欢迎。与FLAC相比,播放器支持有限。非常适合在最大空间节省的情况下进行归档,同时保持完美质量。最适合存储空间至关重要而处理速度不重要的场景。
WavPack - hybrid lossless/lossy audio codec with unique correction file feature. Can create lossy file with separate correction file for lossless reconstruction. Excellent compression efficiency. Perfect for flexible audio archiving. Less common than FLAC. Supports high-resolution audio and DSD. Convert to FLAC for universal compatibility.
True Audio - lossless audio compression with fast encoding/decoding. Similar compression to FLAC with simpler algorithm. Open-source and free format. Perfect quality preservation. Less common than FLAC with limited player support. Perfect for audio archiving when FLAC compatibility not required. Convert to FLAC for broader compatibility.
Audio Interchange File Format - Apple's uncompressed audio format, equivalent to WAV but for Mac. Stores PCM audio with perfect quality. Standard audio format for macOS and professional Mac audio applications. Supports metadata tags better than WAV. Large file sizes like WAV (10MB per minute). Perfect for Mac-based audio production, professional recording, and scenarios requiring uncompressed audio on Apple platforms. Interchangeable with WAV for most purposes.
现代格式
Opus音频编码器 - 现代开源编码器(2012年)在6kbps到510kbps的所有比特率下提供最佳质量。对语音和音乐表现出色。现代编码器中延迟最低,非常适合VoIP和实时通信。在相同比特率下优于MP3、AAC和Vorbis。被WhatsApp、Discord和WebRTC使用。非常适合流媒体、语音通话、播客和音乐。正在成为互联网音频的通用音频编码器。
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Matroska Audio - audio-only Matroska container supporting any audio codec. Flexible format with metadata support. Can contain multiple audio tracks. Perfect for audio albums with chapters and metadata. Part of Matroska multimedia framework. Used for audiobooks and multi-track audio. Convert to FLAC or MP3 for universal compatibility.
遗留格式
MPEG-1音频层II - MP3的前身,用于广播和DVD。在高比特率下质量优于MP3。DVB(数字电视)和DVD-Video的标准音频编码器。压缩效率低于MP3。非常适合广播应用和DVD制作。作为遗留格式正在被AAC取代,仍在数字电视和视频制作工作流程中遇到。
Dolby Digital (AC-3) - surround sound audio codec for DVD, Blu-ray, and digital broadcasting. Supports up to 5.1 channels. Standard audio format for DVDs and HDTV. Good compression with multichannel support. Perfect for home theater and video production. Used in cinema and broadcast. Requires Dolby license for encoding.
Adaptive Multi-Rate - speech codec optimized for mobile voice calls. Excellent voice quality at very low bitrates (4.75-12.2 kbps). Standard for GSM and 3G phone calls. Designed specifically for speech, not music. Perfect for voice recordings, voicemail, and speech applications. Used in WhatsApp voice messages and mobile voice recording. Efficient for voice but inadequate for music.
Sun/NeXT Audio - simple audio format from Sun Microsystems and NeXT Computer. Uncompressed or μ-law/A-law compressed audio. Common on Unix systems. Simple header with audio data. Perfect for Unix audio applications and legacy system compatibility. Found in system sounds and Unix audio files. Convert to WAV or MP3 for modern use.
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RealAudio - legacy streaming audio format from RealNetworks (1990s-2000s). Pioneered internet audio streaming with low-bitrate compression. Obsolete format replaced by modern streaming technologies. Poor quality by today's standards. Convert to MP3 or AAC for modern use. Historical importance in early internet audio streaming.
专业格式
DTS Coherent Acoustics - surround sound codec competing with Dolby Digital. Higher bitrates than AC-3 with potentially better quality. Used in DVD, Blu-ray, and cinema. Supports up to 7.1 channels and object-based audio. Perfect for high-quality home theater. Premium audio format for video distribution. Convert to AC-3 or AAC for broader compatibility.
Core Audio Format - Apple's container for audio data on iOS and macOS. Supports any audio codec and unlimited file sizes. Modern replacement for AIFF on Apple platforms. Perfect for iOS app development and professional Mac audio. No size limitations (unlike WAV). Can store multiple audio streams. Convert to M4A or MP3 for broader compatibility outside Apple ecosystem.
VOC (Creative Voice File) - audio format from Creative Labs Sound Blaster cards. Popular in DOS era (1989-1995) for games and multimedia. Supports multiple compression formats and blocks. Legacy PC audio format. Common in retro gaming. Convert to WAV or MP3 for modern use. Important for DOS game audio preservation.
Speex - open-source speech codec designed for VoIP and internet audio streaming. Variable bitrate from 2-44 kbps. Optimized for speech with low latency. Better than MP3 for voice at low bitrates. Being superseded by Opus. Perfect for voice chat, VoIP, and speech podcasts. Legacy format replaced by Opus in modern applications.
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如何转换文件
上传您的文件,选择输出格式,立即下载转换后的文件。我们的转换器支持批量转换并保持高质量。
常见问题
什么是 SNDT 格式?
SNDT is obscure Macintosh audio format - variant of Sound Tool or Sound Edit format from early Mac sound editing applications. SNDT appeared in Mac multimedia software from late 1980s-mid 1990s, predating SoundEdit 16 (the famous Mac audio editor). It's not Apple-official format like AIFF - more like custom format from specific sound editing tools that gained limited circulation among Mac developers and multimedia producers.
技术特性:SNDT 存储音频时带有基本头信息(采样率、位深度、单声道/立体声),可能使用 PCM 编码(未压缩或简单压缩,如 MACE)。特定于 Mac 的资源分叉可能包含额外的元数据(采样标记、循环、编辑历史)。文件格式结构是专有的,针对特定应用程序——没有像 AIFF 那样的公开规范。这使得 SNDT 在其本土软件生态系统之外不可移植。
我应该将 SNDT 转换为 WAV 还是 AIFF?
转换 SNDT 对于可访问性至关重要:
经典 Mac 过时
SNDT 是经典 Mac 格式。OS X 杀死了资源分叉和旧的 API。现代 Mac 无法原生使用 SNDT。
软件灭绝
Original SNDT creation software extinct. Even if you found it, runs only on Classic Mac OS (pre-2001).
没有现代支持
没有当前音频软件可以读取 SNDT。Logic、GarageBand、Audacity、Pro Tools——都不支持它。转换是强制性的。
保存的紧迫性
SNDT 文件已有 25-35 年历史。媒体退化和工具丧失使得在数据变得不可恢复之前,转换变得紧迫。
始终将 SNDT 转换为 AIFF(Mac 原生)或 WAV(通用)。绝不要将 SNDT 用于新工作——该格式仅是历史遗物。
我如何将 SNDT 转换为 WAV 或 AIFF?
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SNDT 格式的音频质量如何?
差异很大——早期的 SNDT(1980 年代末)可能是 22kHz 的 8 位单声道(Mac Plus 音频硬件的限制)。这提供了低保真音频——对于系统声音和简单音效是可以接受的,但对于音乐则不佳。后来的 SNDT(1990 年代初)可能支持 44.1kHz 的 16 位立体声,因为 Mac 硬件得到了改善(从 Mac IIsi 开始配备更好的音频芯片)。
MACE 压缩常见:Mac 音频压缩与扩展(MACE)是经典 Mac 上流行的有损压缩,减少了 CD-ROM 分发的文件大小。MACE 3:1 和 6:1 压缩引入了质量损失——更高压缩下会出现明显的伪影。如果 SNDT 使用 MACE,音频质量将永久受损。未压缩的 SNDT 完美保留录音质量。
没有转换就无法知道:SNDT 文件不会在外部宣传质量规格。您需要转换并收听/分析。在音频编辑器中检查频谱——11kHz 截止频率表明 22kHz 采样率,完整频谱高达 20kHz 表示 44.1kHz。伪影揭示了有损压缩。您遇到的大多数 SNDT 文件都将是适度质量,考虑到时代(8 位或低比特率的 16 位,可能是 MACE 压缩)。
为什么要创建 SNDT 而不是使用 AIFF?
AIFF timeline: AIFF (Audio Interchange File Format) was introduced by Apple in 1988, but adoption took time. Early Mac sound software (mid-late 1980s) predated AIFF or was developed independently. SNDT might come from this pre-AIFF era when developers created custom formats because no standard existed. Once AIFF became standard (early 1990s), new software used AIFF and SNDT died out.
特定应用程序的优化:开发人员有时会创建针对其特定软件功能优化的自定义格式——独特的压缩方案、编辑元数据或 Mac 特定的优化(资源分叉使用、Mac 音频管理器集成)。SNDT 可能提供了早期 AIFF 中不可用的功能,尽管兼容性成本高,但仍然值得使用自定义格式。
格式命名混淆:'SNDT' 可能只是标准 Mac 音频格式(如 .snd)的替代扩展名。经典 Mac 的文件扩展名约定较为宽松——格式通常通过文件类型/创建者代码(不可见元数据)而不是扩展名来识别。SNDT 可能是具有非标准扩展名的标准格式,或真正的自定义格式。没有文档,无法确定。
现代 Mac 软件可以打开 SNDT 文件吗?
No - modern Mac audio apps don't recognize SNDT. Logic Pro, GarageBand, Audacity, WaveLab, Soundtrack Pro (when it existed) - none support SNDT. These applications focus on standard formats (AIFF, WAV, CAF, MP3, AAC). Ultra-niche Classic Mac formats like SNDT never made transition to OS X era, let alone modern macOS (especially Apple Silicon Macs with no Classic emulation).
QuickTime Player obsolescence: Old QuickTime Player (pre-QuickTime X) had broad format support including obscure Mac formats. It might have opened SNDT in Snow Leopard or earlier OS X versions. Modern QuickTime X (macOS Catalina onwards) stripped legacy format support. So even Apple's own software abandoned SNDT compatibility. This reflects format's complete obsolescence.
转换是唯一的选择:不要与软件限制作斗争——首先将 SNDT 转换为 AIFF 或 WAV,然后在任何 Mac 音频应用程序中打开。一次性转换工作使正常工作流程成为可能。试图在现代软件中恢复对 SNDT 的支持是徒劳的——该格式已经死亡,应该保持死亡,真是好 riddance。通过迁移到活格式来保存内容。
SNDT 的资源分叉问题是什么?
Classic Mac architecture: Mac OS used two-part file structure - data fork (audio content) and resource fork (metadata, type/creator codes, icons, sometimes editing info). SNDT likely stored audio in data fork and Mac-specific metadata in resource fork. This worked perfectly on Classic Mac but became disaster with OS X (2001) and catastrophic with Unix-style filesystems.
Cross-platform disaster: Copy SNDT to Windows or Unix - resource fork evaporates. Email SNDT file - mail systems strip resource fork. FTP transfer in ASCII mode - resource fork lost. Even OS X made resource fork handling inconsistent. AppleDouble (._ files) and MacBinary were clumsy workarounds. Modern file systems (HFS+, APFS) support extended attributes but differently than Classic resource forks.
这就是经典 Mac 格式消亡的原因:架构假设(资源分叉)在 OS X 发布后瞬间变得过时。依赖资源分叉的格式无法在操作系统转换中生存。AIFF 将元数据移入数据分叉(使用 IFF 块结构),成功度过了转换。SNDT 无法进化,最终消亡。教训是:依赖通用文件系统特性,而不是平台特性。
SNDT 与 AIFF 与 System 7 Sound——有什么区别?
经典 Mac 音频格式的格局:
SNDT(声音工具)
来自音频编辑工具的特定应用程序格式。晦涩,自定义,没有标准规范。依赖资源分叉。
AIFF(音频交换)
Apple's standard audio format (1988+). IFF-based, documented specification. Became universal Mac audio format.
System 7 Sound(snd 资源)
Mac OS system sound format stored in resource fork. Used for system beeps, alerts. Not standalone files originally.
音频质量
所有格式都可以存储类似的音频规格。区别在于容器结构、元数据和平台支持。
现代相关性
AIFF survived (still used on Mac). SNDT and System 7 sounds died with Classic Mac OS. Only AIFF matters today.
AIFF won because Apple backed it, had open specification, and survived OS transitions. Others couldn't adapt.
SNDT 文件会在哪里使用?
HyperCard multimedia: HyperCard (Apple's hypermedia authoring environment) was huge in education and business in late 1980s-mid 1990s. Stacks (HyperCard documents) often contained sounds - narration, sound effects, background music. SNDT might have been used for storing HyperCard audio before AIFF became standard. Finding HyperCard stacks with SNDT sounds is plausible scenario.
早期 Mac 游戏:1988-1994 年间的 Mac 游戏(在 PowerPC 转换之前)使用各种音频格式用于效果和音乐。一些开发人员使用自定义格式或生成 SNDT 的工具。像 Crystal Quest、Brickles、Glider PRO 或早期的 Mac 飞行模拟器可能具有 SNDT 音频资产。游戏音频考古项目会遇到这样的格式。
Mac 多媒体 CD-ROM:教育 CD-ROM、互动百科全书和多媒体演示在 1990 年代初期非常流行。创作工具(Director、Authorware、SuperCard)有时使用特定的音频格式。SNDT 可能出现在使用特定 Mac 多媒体工具创建的 CD-ROM 项目中。这些 CD-ROM 现在由保存项目归档,通常揭示晦涩的格式。
我可以创建新的 SNDT 文件,还是格式仅为只写遗产?
理论上创建 SNDT 是可能的,但完全没有意义:
零兼容性
没有任何东西期望 SNDT。现代 Mac 软件使用 AIFF、WAV、CAF。创建 SNDT 完全没有任何目的。
仅用于历史再现
创建 SNDT 的唯一理由是为了复制复古 Mac 系统以供博物馆/研究使用。测试旧的 HyperCard 堆栈可能需要当时的文件。
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我如何批量转换 SNDT 归档为 AIFF?
在Mac上使用SoX的bash脚本:`for f in *.sndt; do sox "$f" "${f%.sndt}.aiff"; done`将所有SNDT文件转换为AIFF。假设SoX可以自动检测SNDT格式。首先在样本文件上测试 - 某些SNDT变体可能无法转换。SoX是命令行工具,通过Homebrew安装:`brew install sox`。
FFmpeg alternative: `for f in *.sndt; do ffmpeg -i "$f" "${f%.sndt}.aiff"; done`. Similar batch conversion logic. FFmpeg installed via Homebrew: `brew install ffmpeg`. Both tools work on Mac, Linux, Windows (via WSL). Choose whichever you prefer or whichever successfully handles your SNDT variant.
验证转换:收听样本输出,检查文件大小是否合理,在音频编辑器中可视化波形。一些SNDT文件可能会静默失败转换(零长度输出)或产生损坏的音频。质量控制对于档案项目至关重要。记录哪些文件转换失败,以便手动排查或尝试不同工具。
恢复SNDT音频档案时存在哪些挑战?
格式识别:SNDT并没有标准化,因此文件可能在尝试多个工具和格式猜测之前无法识别。经典Mac文件类型/创建者代码(存储在资源分支或文件系统元数据中)可能在现代系统中丢失。仅凭文件名扩展名无法保证格式 - SNDT可能被错误标记。需要试错的方法。
Resource fork loss: SNDT files transferred from Classic Mac might have lost resource forks during migration. If metadata was in resource fork, it's gone - audio might remain in data fork or might be corrupted. AppleDouble (._ files) sometimes preserve resource forks but not reliably. Check for ._ companions when processing SNDT archives.
媒体退化:SNDT文件已有25-35年历史。源媒体(1990年代的Zip磁盘、软盘、CD-R、SyQuest卡、Mac硬盘)经常出现故障。位腐蚀、磁介质退化、光介质染料退化都威胁着数据。成功恢复需要超出格式转换的数据恢复技能。一些文件将无法恢复 - 接受损失,保存你能保存的。
SNDT档案是否存在法律或历史方面的考虑?
版权状态不明确:来自旧Mac软件项目的SNDT文件可能包含受版权保护的音频 - 商业音效库、授权音乐、可识别人物的录音。经过25年以上,原始版权状态可能模糊。如果发布转换后的SNDT音频,请仔细研究版权或寻求法律建议。孤儿作品问题在复古数字媒体中很常见。
历史价值:SNDT文件记录了Mac计算历史 - 软件开发实践、当时的声音设计美学、早期多媒体创作。除了音频内容,格式本身也是历史文物。计算机历史博物馆和数字保存项目重视此类材料。考虑将具有代表性的SNDT样本(附带文档)捐赠给互联网档案馆或计算机历史博物馆等机构。
机构档案:拥有遗留Mac项目的大学、公司或组织可能在存储中有SNDT档案。这些档案值得专业的保存处理 - 创建清单、格式识别、系统转换、元数据文档。不要让机构知识蒸发 - 在创建这些文件的人仍然可用时进行访谈。上下文与内容同样重要。
SNDT作为格式值得保存还是仅仅转换内容?
转换内容,丢弃格式:SNDT作为格式没有内在价值。它是数字容器,音频内容可以完全提取(假设转换工具有效)。一旦转换为AIFF/WAV,SNDT原始文件除了未来兼容性问题外没有其他价值。保留SNDT文件存在数据丢失的风险,因为转换工具会消失。专注于内容保存,而不是格式保存。
研究格式样本:计算机历史研究人员可能希望获得一些示例SNDT文件作为格式标本 - 记录结构的文档示例。一个或两个记录良好的示例可以满足这个目的。成千上万的SNDT文件在研究价值上不超过少数。选择性保存格式示例,全面保存内容。
实用建议:将整个SNDT档案转换为AIFF(Mac本地)或WAV(通用)。记录源格式、转换工具、日期及任何已知上下文。以冗余方式存储转换后的文件(多个备份,不同位置)。仔细验证转换质量。然后删除SNDT原件(或为格式研究存档一些样本)。负责任的数字保存从过时格式中拯救数据,而不是迷恋格式本身。
SNDT教会我们关于Mac音频格式历史的什么?
平台过渡挑战:Mac从Classic OS过渡到OS X(2001年)对依赖Classic架构的格式来说是数字末日。资源分支、Mac特定API和专有结构无法生存。SNDT是平台演变的牺牲品。格式必须适应平台变化,否则就会消亡。教训:设计时要考虑可移植性,而不是平台优化。
Standardization value: AIFF survived because Apple standardized it, documented it publicly, and evolved it through OS transitions. SNDT (non-standard, application-specific) had no champion, no documentation, no evolution path. Standards backed by major vendors with long-term commitment have survival advantage. Proprietary custom formats are preservation gambles.
主动保存的必要性:大多数SNDT音频可能永远丢失 - 在工具存在时从未转换,源媒体退化,机构记忆消退。幸存者是偶然存在,而非设计。教训:在格式变得过时之前主动迁移数据。不要等到危机。积极的数字保存(格式迁移、多份副本、开放标准)是抵御过时的唯一防御。SNDT是数字档案管理员的警示故事。